Turabian citation is a system used by academics to show where another author’s finding or theory has contributed to their work. It is a simplified version of the Chicago referencing style and is named after Kate Turabian from the University of Chicago who wrote the style manual. Turabian style 8th edition is the latest available version and was originally intended for in-class assignments rather than for publications.
The system works by showing the reader where the author has used a finding, or theory from another source and author. This adds credibility to the paper and gives deserved credit to the original author.
When citing sources in Turabian style, you can use one of two different formats. The first is the Notes-Bibliography style, where a note is shown at the bottom of the page where the source has contributed and a full reference is given at the end of the paper.
The second is the Author-Date style, where a citation is shown within the sentence where the source is referenced and a full reference is listed at the end of the paper. Whichever style you choose; make sure you are consistent throughout your paper.
The format of a both types of Turabian references should change depending on the source type. For example, a book should be referenced differently to a website or journal article.
A lot to think about? You can generate your Turabian citations and references using Cite This For Me’s Turabian reference generator. Simply search for the book, journal or website you want to reference, set it to the correct style and have all of your Turabian references generated automatically for you.
Use the following template to cite a book using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. Title. City: Publisher, Year Published.
Example:
Peckham, Anne. The Contemporary Singer. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Berklee Press, 2000.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, Title (City: Publisher, Year Published).
Example:
“the purpose is to bring your vocal folds back to a less activate state so your speaking voice does not feel unstable.” Anne Peckham, The Contemporary Singer, 2nd ed. (Boston, MA: Berklee Press, 2000).
Use the following template to cite a journal using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Publication Title Volume number, no. Issue number (Year Published): Pages Used. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
'Employer Use Of Facebook And Online Social Networks To Discriminate Against Applicants For Employment And Employees: An Analysis Balancing The Risks Of Having A Facebook Account And The Need For Protective Legislation'. Labor Law Journal Vol. 64, no. Issue 2 (2013): p86.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', Publication Title Volume number, no. (Year Published): Pages Used, accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
"One recurring issue in these lawsuits is the privacy boundary which third parties, such as employers, may cross to obtain any personal information a user chooses to entrust to a social network like Facebook." 'Employer Use Of Facebook And Online Social Networks To Discriminate Against Applicants For Employment And Employees: An Analysis Balancing The Risks Of Having A Facebook Account And The Need For Protective Legislation', Labor Law Journal Vol. 64, no. 2 (2013): p86.
Use the following template to cite a film or movie using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Title. Format. City: Publisher, Year Published.
Example:
Martin Luther King - Mini Biography. Video. Manning Marable, n.d.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Title, Format (City: Publisher, Year Published).
Example:
...And what's striking to me is that he had more confidence and faith in American democracy in the constitution; and in the principles of fairness and opportunity then nearly all of his critics. Martin Luther King - Mini Biography, video (Manning Marable, n.d.).
Use the following template to cite an online image or video using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. Title. Format, Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
ABC,. Whitlam: The Power And The Passion Episode 2 Series 1. Video, 2014. Accessed October 21, 2014. http://iview.abc.net.au/programs/whitlam-the-power-and-the-passion/DO1203H002S00.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, Title, Format, Year Published, accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
“He was overruled by his own cabinet, his own caucus”--Bob Carr ABC, Whitlam: The Power And The Passion Episode 2 Series 1, video, 2014, accessed October 21, 2014, http://iview.abc.net.au/programs/whitlam-the-power-and-the-passion/DO1203H002S00.
“
Use the following template to cite a website using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Last modified Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
Dylan Ratigan,. 'Study Examines Link Between Poverty, Mental Illness'. Last modified 2011. Accessed June 11, 2014. http://www.dylanratigan.com/2011/01/12/study-examines-link-between-poverty-mental-illness/.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', last modified Year Published, accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
“both directly and indirectly.” “Poverty presents risk factors that may exacerbate mental illness,” Dylan Ratigan, 'Study Examines Link Between Poverty, Mental Illness', last modified 2011, accessed June 11, 2014, http://www.dylanratigan.com/2011/01/12/study-examines-link-between-poverty-mental-illness/.
”
Use the following template to cite a blog using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Blog. Publication Title, Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
Aycan, David. 'The Future Of Prototyping Is Now Live'. Blog. HBR Blog Network, 2014. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/03/the-future-of-prototyping-is-now-live/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+harvardbusiness+%28HBR.org%29.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', Blog, Publication Title, Year Published, accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
There are two main ways that organizations prototype new products and services: rapid prototyping and piloting. However, we’ve discovered the need for an approach that falls somewhere between the two—to explore the customer value proposition and market appeal of a concept in the more turbulent and distracting context of the live market, but without full investment in a pilot. We call this approach “live prototyping.” David Aycan, 'The Future Of Prototyping Is Now Live', Blog, HBR Blog Network, 2014, accessed September 4, 2014, http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/03/the-future-of-prototyping-is-now-live/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+harvardbusiness+%28HBR.org%29.
Use the following template to cite a court case using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Title, Volume number Document Title/Name Pages Used (Location Year Published).
Example:
Eatock Vs. Bolt FCA 1103 (Federal Court of Australia 2011).
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Title, Volume number Document Title/Name Pages Used (Location Year Published).
Example:
pretending to be Aboriginal so that they could access benefits that were available to Aboriginal people Eatock Vs. Bolt FCA 1103 (Federal Court of Australia 2011).
Use the following template to cite a dictionary entry using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Publication Title. City: Publisher, Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
'Crónico'. RAE, n.d. http://www.rae.es.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', Publication Title (City: Publisher, Year Published), accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
Dicho de una enfermedad larga 'Crónico', RAE, n.d., http://www.rae.es.
Use the following template to cite an e-book or pdf using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. Title. Ebook. City: Publisher, Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
IPCS EVALUATION OF ANTIDOTES FOR POISONING BY METALS AND METALLOIDS. Ebook. 1st ed. London, 2014. Accessed August 17, 2014. http://www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/dtpa.pdf.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, Title, ebook (City: Publisher, Year Published), accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
DTPA acid: IPCS EVALUATION OF ANTIDOTES FOR POISONING BY METALS AND METALLOIDS, ebook, 1st ed. (London, 2014), accessed August 17, 2014, http://www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/dtpa.pdf.
Use the following template to cite an edited book using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. Title. City: Publisher, Year Published.
Example:
ADAM, PJ. Addiction. 1st ed., 2007.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, Title (City: Publisher, Year Published).
Example:
Assessing whether to receive funding support from tobacco, alcohol, gambling and other dangerous con- sumption industries. PJ ADAM, Addiction, 1st ed., 2007.
“
Use the following template to cite an email using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. Letter. 'Title'. Email, Year Published.
Example:
Brown, Elizabeth. Letter Barry Ewers to . 'Re: Questions For Barry's MA Course.'. Email, 2014.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', email, Year Published.
Example:
I'm not sure I agree. None of the films where she is credited as a main PRODUCER, that have received any awards have made a loss with the exception of THE MASTER. HER (2013) budget $23M worldwide gross $42 AMERICAN HUSTLE budget £40M Worldwide gross $251M ZERO DARK THIRTY (2012) budget $40M Worldwide gross $138M THE MASTER (2012) budget £32M worldwide gross $28M - LOSS LAWLESS (2012) budget $26M Worldwide gross $37M (US only) Elizabeth BrownBarry Ewers to , 'Re: Questions For Barry's MA Course.', email, 2014.
”
Use the following template to cite an encyclopedia article using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Publication Title. City: Publisher, Year Published.
Example:
nouveau maillot liverpool, nouveau maillot liverpool. 'Nouveau Maillot Liverpool'. Nouveau Maillot Liverpool. nouveau maillot liverpool: nouveau maillot liverpool, 2014.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', Publication Title (City: Publisher, Year Published).
Example:
Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! By the way, how could we communicate?| nouveau maillot liverpool nouveau maillot liverpool, 'Nouveau Maillot Liverpool', Nouveau Maillot Liverpool (nouveau maillot liverpool: nouveau maillot liverpool, 2014).
Use the following template to cite an interview using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Format. Location, Year Published.
Example:
d, r. 'P S'. d b Interview by . In person. home, 2014.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', Format (Location, Year Published).
Example:
waste to wealth r d, 'P S', d b interview by , in person (home, 2014).
Use the following template to cite a magazine using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Publication Title, Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
Yeo, James. 'Advanced Medical Directives And You'. The CatholicNews, 2008. Accessed October 17, 2014. http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=238%3Aadvance-medical-directives-and-you&catid=57%3Adecember-7-2008-vol-58-no-25&Itemid=79.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', Publication Title, Year Published, accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
An AMD is ethically permissible provided there is no request for euthanasia. James Yeo, 'Advanced Medical Directives And You', The CatholicNews, 2008, accessed October 17, 2014, http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=238%3Aadvance-medical-directives-and-you&catid=57%3Adecember-7-2008-vol-58-no-25&Itemid=79.
Use the following template to cite a newspaper using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Publication Title, Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
, 2014. Accessed October 7, 2014. http://news.sky.com/story/1348380/man-dies-after-being-hit-by-falling-masonry.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', Publication Title, Year Published, accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
"The masonry came off a building in Cliff Street, in the seaside town of Bridlington, East Yorkshire, and struck the victim and a parked vehicle on Monday afternoon." , 2014, accessed October 7, 2014, http://news.sky.com/story/1348380/man-dies-after-being-hit-by-falling-masonry.
Use the following template to cite a podcast using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. 'Title'. Podcast. Publication Title. Last modified Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
Johng48,. Podcast.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, 'Title', podcast, Publication Title, last modified Year Published, accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
I'm seeking weblogs which all have fantastic guidance on what's popular and specifically what the top rated makeup is.. dggfecdfbkgg Johng48, podcast.
Use the following template to cite a song using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Author Surname, Author Forename. Title. Format. City: Publisher, Year Published. Accessed October 10, 2013. http://Website URL.
Example:
seo tool, seo tool. Seo Tool. Seo tool. seo tool: seo tool, 2014. http://www.gscraper.com.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Author Forename Author Surname, Title, Format (City: Publisher, Year Published), accessed October 10, 2013, http://Website-Url.
Example:
vpkthdg ilorneb beveuioxbh wkxdmrbdpld vmhgqiibxei cwjbkewbwqq rztwnjeddza womnuyin pieujgmvdvo uuvzmkqthi uagtwq blznmhpcx ukcpbuqcmu goumues seo tool seo tool, Seo Tool, seo tool (seo tool: seo tool, 2014), http://www.gscraper.com.
Use the following template to cite The Bible using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Title,. City: Publisher, Year Published.
Example:
Bible Gateway,. Biblical Studies Press, 1996.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Title (City: Publisher, Year Published).
Example:
Listen: You will become pregnant and give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus. He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High Bible Gateway (Biblical Studies Press, 1996).
Use the following template to cite a TV Show using the Turabian 8th edition (full note) citation style.
Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.
Template:
Title'. TV programme. Channel number: Broadcaster, Year Published.
Example:
'M*A*S*H - Guerilla My Dreams'. TV programme. CBS: 20th Television, 1979.
Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.
Template:
Title', TV programme (Channel number: Broadcaster, Year Published).
Example:
Directed by Alan Alda 'M*A*S*H - Guerilla My Dreams', TV programme (CBS: 20th Television, 1979).